Grandma said, study, eat right, get outside, get spiritual, and move a little. Here is the evidence:)

Evolving List of Research

This is just a drop in the bucket of what is out there.

Anderson MR, Miller L, Wickramaratne P, et al. Genetic Correlates of Spirituality/Religion and Depression: A Study in Offspring and Grandchildren at High and Low Familial Risk for Depression. Spiritual Clin Pract (Wash D C ). 2017;4(1):43-63. doi:10.1037/scp0000125

Benz ABE, Gaertner RJ, Meier M, et al. Nature-Based Relaxation Videos and Their Effect on Heart Rate Variability. Front Psychol. 2022;13:866682. Published 2022 Jun 10. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.866682

Biagianti B, Conelea C, Brambilla P, Bernstein G. A systematic review of treatments targeting cognitive biases in socially anxious adolescents: Special Section on “Translational and Neuroscience Studies in Affective Disorders” Section Editor, Maria Nobile MD, PhD. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;264:543-551. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.002

Bodnar RJ. Endogenous Opiates and Behavior: 2018. Peptides. 2020;132:170348. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170348

Boterhoven de Haan KL, Lee CW, Fassbinder E, et al. Imagery rescripting and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing as treatment for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder from childhood trauma: randomised clinical trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;217(5):609-615. doi:10.1192/bjp.2020.158

Bremner J. D. (2006). Traumatic stress: Effects on the brain. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 8(4), 445–461.

Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Friston, K. J. (2010). The default-mode, ego-functions, and free-energy: A neurobiological account of   Freudian ideas. Brain133(4), 1265–1283. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq010

Castrén, E., & Antila, H. (2017). Neuronal plasticity and neurotrophic factors in drug responses. Molecular Psychiatry, 22,   1085–1095.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Drug overdose mortality by state. Retrieved September 14, 2024.   https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/drug_poisoning_mortality/drug_poisoning.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Adult obesity prevalence maps. Retrieved September 14, 2024.      https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/data-research/adult-obesity-prevalence-maps.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Therapeutic drug use.Retrieved September 14, 2024.   https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/drug-use-therapeutic.htm

CHPA. (2015). Over the counter sales statistics. Retrieved September 14, 2024. https://www.chpa.org/about-consumer-  healthcare/research-data/otc-sales-statistics

Chinna Meyyappan A, Forth E, Wallace CJK, Milev R. Effect of fecal microbiota transplant on symptoms of psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):299. Published 2020 Jun 15. doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02654-5

Cirillo P, Gold AK, Nardi AE, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in anxiety and trauma-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav. 2019;9(6):e01284. doi:10.1002/brb3.1284

Collier Villaume, S., Stephens, J. E., Craske, M. G., Zinbarg, R. E., & Adam, E. K. (2024). Sleep and Daily Affect and Risk for Major Depression: Day-to-day and Prospective Associations in Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 74(2), 388–391.

Colucci-D'Amato, L., Speranza, L., & Volpicelli, F. (2020). Neurotrophic Factor BDNF, physiological functions and therapeutic   potential in depression, neurodegeneration and brain cancer. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences21(20), 7777.   https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207777

Conner BT, Anglin MD, Annon J, Longshore D. Effect of religiosity and spirituality on drug treatment outcomes. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2009;36(2):189-198. doi:10.1007/s11414-008-9145-z

Conversano C, Orrù G, Pozza A, et al. Is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Effective for People with Hypertension? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 30 Years of Evidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6):2882. Published 2021 Mar 11. doi:10.3390/ijerph18062882

Coventry PA, Brown JE, Pervin J, et al. Nature-based outdoor activities for mental and physical health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SSM Popul Health. 2021;16:100934. Published 2021 Oct 1. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100934

Creswell JD, Pacilio LE, Lindsay EK, Brown KW. Brief mindfulness meditation training alters psychological and neuroendocrine responses to social evaluative stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;44:1-12. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.02.007

Csala B, Springinsfeld CM, Köteles F. The Relationship Between Yoga and Spirituality: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research. Front Psychol. 2021;12:695939. Published 2021 Aug 2. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695939

Davidson RJ, Kabat-Zinn J, Schumacher J, et al. Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(4):564-570. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000077505.67574.e3

Di Liegro, C. M., Schiera, G., Proia, P., & Di Liegro, I. (2019). Physical Activity and Brain Health. Genes10(9), 720.   https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10090720

Duman, R. S., Aghajanian, G. K., Sanacora, G., & Krystal, J. H. (2019). Synaptic plasticity and depression: New insights from   stress   and rapid-acting antidepressants. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 59-70.

Ferreira-Valente A, Sharma S, Torres S, et al. Does Religiosity/Spirituality Play a Role in Function, Pain-Related Beliefs, and Coping in Patients with Chronic Pain? A Systematic Review [published online ahead of print, 2019 Sep 18] [published correction appears in J Relig Health. 2019 Oct 26;:]. J Relig Health. 2019;10.1007/s10943-019-00914-7. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00914-7

Firth J, Marx W, Dash S, et al. The Effects of Dietary Improvement on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials [published correction appears in Psychosom Med. 2020 Jun;82(5):536] [published correction appears in Psychosom Med. 2021 Feb-Mar 01;83(2):196]. Psychosom Med. 2019;81(3):265-280. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000673

Fox, K. C., Dixon, M. L., Nijeboer, S., Girn, M., Floman, J. L., Lifshitz, M., ... & Christoff, K. (2018).Functional neuroanatomy of   meditation: A review and meta-analysis of 78 functional neuroimaging investigations. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral   Reviews, 65, 208-228.

Francis HM, Stevenson RJ, Chambers JR, Gupta D, Newey B, Lim CK. A brief diet intervention can reduce symptoms of depression in young adults - A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0222768. Published 2019 Oct 9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222768

Freud S. (1993). Observations on Transference-Love : Further Recommendations on the Technique of Psycho-Analysis III. The   Journal of psychotherapy practice and   research2(2), 171–180.

Fullerton DT, Getto CJ, Swift WJ, Carlson IH. Sugar, opioids and binge eating. Brain Res Bull. 1985;14(6):673-680. doi:10.1016/0361-9230(85)90117-0

Geneen LJ, Moore RA, Clarke C, Martin D, Colvin LA, Smith BH. Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4(4):CD011279. Published 2017 Apr 24. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011279.pub3

Giebel C, Shrestha N, Reilly S, et al. Community-based mental health and well-being interventions for older adults in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):773. Published 2022 Sep 29. doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03453-1

Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., & Gross, J. J. (2019). Cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, and emotional resilience: The role of   neuroplasticity in wellness and emotional health. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1149.

Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Richards WA, et al. Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors. J Psychopharmacol. 2018;32(1):49-69. doi:10.1177/0269881117731279

Harrington, A. (2019). Mind fixers: Psychiatry's troubled search for the biology of mental illness. WW Norton & Company.

Hölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2020). How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action from a Conceptual and Neural Perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(6), 1191-1219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617729030

Hosseini S, Chaurasia A, Oremus M. The Effect of Religion and Spirituality on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review. Gerontologist. 2019;59(2):e76-e85. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx024

Howes Vallis E, Zwicker A, Uher R, Pavlova B. Cognitive-behavioural interventions for prevention and treatment of anxiety in young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2020;81:101904. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101904

Jach, M. E., Serefko, A., Szopa, A., Sajnaga, E., Golczyk, H., Santos, L. S., Borowicz-Reutt, K., & Sieniawska, E. (2023). The Role of   Probiotics and Their Metabolites in the Treatment of Depression. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)28(7), 3213.   https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073213

Jacka FN, O'Neil A, Opie R, et al. A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the 'SMILES' trial) [published correction appears in BMC Med. 2018 Dec 28;16(1):236]. BMC Med. 2017;15(1):23. Published 2017 Jan 30. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0791-y

Jung, C. G., & Dell, W. S. (1955). Modern man in search of a soul (W. S. Dell & C. F. Baynes, Trans.). Harcourt Publishers Group.

Jung, C. G. (1963). Memories, dreams, reflections. Crown Publishing Group/Random House.

Kawa, S., & Giordano, J. (2012). A brief historicity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Issues and   implications for the future of psychiatric canon and practice. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine : PEHM7,   2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5341-7-2

Kelly JF, Humphreys K, Ferri M. Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs for alcohol use disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;3(3):CD012880. Published 2020 Mar 11. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012880.pub2

Kibria, A. A., & Metcalfe, N. H. (2016). A biography of William Tuke (1732-1822): Founder of the modern mental   asylum. Journal   of medical biography24(3), 384–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967772014533059

Kjaer TW, Bertelsen C, Piccini P, Brooks D, Alving J, Lou HC. Increased dopamine tone during meditation-induced change of consciousness. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2002;13(2):255-259. doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(01)00106-9

Kral TRA, Schuyler BS, Mumford JA, Rosenkranz MA, Lutz A, Davidson RJ. Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli. Neuroimage. 2018;181:301-313. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.013

Krystal, J. H., Abdallah, C. G., Sanacora, G., Charney, D. S., & Duman, R. S. (2020). Ketamine: A paradigm shift for depression   research and treatment. Neuron, 101(6), 774-778.

Kühlmann AYR, de Rooij A, Kroese LF, van Dijk M, Hunink MGM, Jeekel J. Meta-analysis evaluating music interventions for anxiety and pain in surgery. Br J Surg. 2018;105(7):773-783. doi:10.1002/bjs.10853

Lee EE, Bangen KJ, Avanzino JA, et al. Outcomes of Randomized Clinical Trials of Interventions to Enhance Social, Emotional, and Spiritual Components of Wisdom: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(9):925-935. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0821

Lindsay EK, Young S, Smyth JM, Brown KW, Creswell JD. Acceptance lowers stress reactivity: Dismantling mindfulness training in a randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018;87:63-73. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.015

Liu, P. Z., & Nusslock, R. (2017). Exercise-mediated neurogenesis in the hippocampus via BDNF. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 52.

Liu RT, Walsh RFL, Sheehan AE. Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019;102:13-23. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.023

Ljungberg T, Bondza E, Lethin C. Evidence of the Importance of Dietary Habits Regarding Depressive Symptoms and Depression. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1616. Published 2020 Mar 2. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051616

Lucchetti G, Koenig HG, Lucchetti ALG. Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health: A review of the current scientific evidence. World J Clin Cases. 2021;9(26):7620-7631. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7620

Lynn CD. Hearth and campfire influences on arterial blood pressure: defraying the costs of the social brain through fireside relaxation. Evol Psychol. 2014;12(5):983-1003. Published 2014 Nov 11.

Manzini CSS, Damasceno VAM, Elias ACA, Orlandi FS. The brief psychotherapeutic intervention "relaxation, mental images and spirituality": a systematic review. Sao Paulo Med J. 2020;138(3):176-183. doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2019.030202102019

Martinez-Calderon J, de-la-Casa-Almeida M, Matias-Soto J. The Effects of Mind-Body Exercises on Chronic Spinal Pain Outcomes: A Synthesis Based on 72 Meta-Analyses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):12062. Published 2022 Sep 23. doi:10.3390/ijerph191912062

Martínez Steele, E., Baraldi, L. G., Louzada, M. L., Moubarac, J. C., Mozaffarian, D., & Monteiro, C. A. (2016). Ultra-processed   foods and added sugars in the US diet: Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open6(3),   e009892. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009892

McClintock, C.H., Worhunsky, P.D., Balodis, I.M. et al. (2019). How Spirituality May Mitigate Against Stress and Related Mental Disorders: a Review and Preliminary Neurobiological Evidence. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 6, 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-019-00195-0

Al Massadi O, Nogueiras R, Dieguez C, Girault JA. Ghrelin and food reward. Neuropharmacology. 2019;148:131-138. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.001

McCann E, Donohue G, Timmins F. An Exploration of the Relationship Between Spirituality, Religion and Mental Health Among Youth Who Identify as LGBT+: A Systematic Literature Review. J Relig Health. 2020;59(2):828-844. doi:10.1007/s10943-020-00989-7

Mellow ML, Goldsworthy MR, Coussens S, Smith AE. Acute aerobic exercise and neuroplasticity of the motor cortex: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport. 2020;23(4):408-414. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.015

Milner K, Crawford P, Edgley A, Hare-Duke L, Slade M. The experiences of spirituality among adults with mental health difficulties: a qualitative systematic review. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2019;29:e34. Published 2019 May 3. doi:10.1017/S2045796019000234

Moraes LJ, Miranda MB, Loures LF, Mainieri AG, Mármora CHC. A systematic review of psychoneuroimmunology-based interventions. Psychol Health Med. 2018;23(6):635-652. doi:10.1080/13548506.2017.1417607

Mosini AC, Saad M, Braghetta CC, Medeiros R, Peres MFP, Leão FC. Neurophysiological, cognitive-behavioral and neurochemical effects in practitioners of transcendental meditation - A literature review. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019;65(5):706-713. Published 2019 Jun 3. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.706

Nijjar PS, Connett JE, Lindquist R, et al. Randomized Trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Cardiac Patients Eligible for Cardiac Rehabilitation. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):18415. Published 2019 Dec 5. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54932-2

North R. L. (2000). Benjamin Rush, MD: assassin or beloved healer?. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)13(1),   45–  49. https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2000.11927641

Novelle MG, Diéguez C. Food Addiction and Binge Eating: Lessons Learned from Animal Models. Nutrients. 2018;10(1):71. Published 2018 Jan 11. doi:10.3390/nu10010071

Palacio G C, Krikorian A, Gómez-Romero MJ, Limonero JT. Resilience in Caregivers: A Systematic Review. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2020;37(8):648-658. doi:10.1177/1049909119893977

Rim JI, Ojeda JC, Svob C, et al. Current Understanding of Religion, Spirituality, and Their Neurobiological Correlates. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2019;27(5):303-316. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000232

Rodriguez-Lozada C, Cuervo M, Cuevas-Sierra A, et al. Changes in Anxiety and Depression Traits Induced by Energy Restriction: Predictive Value of the Baseline Status. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1206. Published 2019 May 28. doi:10.3390/nu11061206

Santos de Sousa Fernandes MS, Ordônio TF, Santos GCJ, et al. Effects of Physical Exercise on Neuroplasticity and Brain Function: A Systematic Review in Human and Animal Studies. Neural Plast. 2020;2020:8856621. Published 2020 Dec 14. doi:10.1155/2020/8856621

Simpson CA, Diaz-Arteche C, Eliby D, Schwartz OS, Simmons JG, Cowan CSM. The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression - A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2021;83:101943. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101943

Smith-MacDonald L, Norris JM, Raffin-Bouchal S, Sinclair S. Spirituality and Mental Well-Being in Combat Veterans: A Systematic Review. Mil Med. 2017;182(11):e1920-e1940. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-17-00099

Sollgruber A, Bornemann-Cimenti H, Szilagyi IS, Sandner-Kiesling A. Spirituality in pain medicine: A randomized experiment of pain perception, heart rate and religious spiritual well-being by using a single session meditation methodology. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203336. Published 2018 Sep 7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203336

Solms, M., & Turnbull, O. (2018). The brain and the inner world: An introduction to the neuroscience of subjective experience.   Routledge.

Teixeira-Machado L, Arida RM, de Jesus Mari J. Dance for neuroplasticity: A descriptive systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019;96:232-240. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.010

Tolahunase MR, Sagar R, Faiq M, Dada R. Yoga- and meditation-based lifestyle intervention increases neuroplasticity and reduces severity of major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2018;36(3):423-442. doi:10.3233/RNN-170810

Turakitwanakan W, Mekseepralard C, Busarakumtragul P. Effects of mindfulness meditation on serum cortisol of medical students. J Med Assoc Thai. 2013;96 Suppl 1:S90-S95.

Van der Kolk, B. (2014). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma . Penguin Publishing Group.

Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Gatley, S. J., Logan, J., Wang, G. J., Ding, Y. S., & Dewey, S. (1996). PET evaluation of the dopamine system of the human brain. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 37(7), 1242–1256.

Whitaker, Robert. 2002. Mad in America: Bad Science, Bad Medicine, and the Enduring Mistreatment of the Mentally   Ill. Cambridge, MA, Perseus Pub.

Wood BL, Woods SB, Sengupta S, Nair T. The Biobehavioral Family Model: An Evidence-Based Approach to Biopsychosocial Research, Residency Training, and Patient Care. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:725045. Published 2021 Oct 5. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725045

Zunszain, P. A., Anacker, C., Cattaneo, A., Carvalho, L. A., & Pariante, C. M. (2021). Glucocorticoids, cytokines, and brain   abnormalities in depression. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry107,   110188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110188




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